Prevalence and Determinants of Blood Pressure Control among known Hypertensives in an Urban Population of Kerala State, India

Abstract

Introduction: Hypertension is a major risk factor for Cardiovascular Diseases. Even though easily detectable and treatable, ef- fective control achieved is often poor. This study aimed to find out the prevalence of effective control of blood pressure among known hypertensives in an urban setting (Thiruvananthapuram Corporation area) and to determine the factors that influence ef- fective control.

Methods: This was a Cross Sectional Study done among 500 known hypertensive patients of age 30 years and above. Cluster Sampling Technique was used. Methods of Data Collection included Personal Interview and Measurement of Physical Param- eters. JNC VII criteria was used for the classification of hypertension. Univariate and Bivariate Analysis were done.

Results: The prevalence of Blood Pressure Control among hypertensives was found to be 40.4%. Increased Physical activity was found to be the most important factor that favours Blood Pressure Control. Blood pressure control is poor among overweight and obese individuals. Advanced age (> 60 yrs) was found to unfavourably affect Blood Pressure Control. Hypertensives with a Fam- ily History of Hypertension among first degree relatives have better control of Blood Pressure. Blood pressure control is better achieved through Combination Drug therapy than Mono therapy.

Conclusions: Frequent Measurement and monitoring of Blood Pressure is very important in the early detection and control of Hypertension. Doctors should make it a point to strictly adhere to the treatment guidelines. Choice of drugs and dosages should be rational, based on the patients age, blood pressure levels and co morbid conditions among other factors. Combination therapy should be advised whenever necessary. Physical activity and lifestyle modifications are of paramount importance