Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes in South Kerala

Abstract

Introduction: The most prevalent chronic medical condition in the pregnant population is diabetes. The prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is increasing globally and may be as high as 14%, particularly among women from ethnic minority groups.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of gestational diabetes and evaluate perinatal outcomes.

Methodology: A total of 700 pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of SUT Hospital were studied. Women with pre-gestational diabetes were excluded. Participants underwent a glucose challenge test followed by the O'Sullivan test. Non-diabetic patients served as controls, and all participants were followed until delivery to assess antenatal and neonatal outcomes.

Results: The study found 78 cases of gestational diabetes, giving a prevalence of 11.2%, which was comparatively high. Significant increases were observed in antenatal complications such as pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH), intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), and hydramnios, as well as fetal complications including shoulder dystocia, hypoglycaemia, and hypocalcaemia among women with GDM compared to controls.

Conclusion: Gestational diabetes was associated with a significantly higher incidence of maternal and fetal complications, emphasizing the importance of early screening, diagnosis, and appropriate management during pregnancy.