Osteosarcoma of the Spine: A Comprehensive Review with Two Case Illustrations

Abstract

Background: Osteosarcoma of the spine is an uncommon but aggressive primary malignant bone tumor, comprising less than 5% of all osteosarcomas.1,3 Its anatomical constraints and proximity to the spinal cord make diagnosis and treatment particularly challenging.^1,2
Objective: To review the epidemiology, pathology, clinical features, diagnostic modalities, treatment options, and prognosis of spinal osteosarcoma, supplemented by two illustrative clinical cases.
Methods: Narrative review synthesizing current literature and surgical oncology principles, supported by two representative clinical cases treated by the senior author.
Results: Multimodal therapy, including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy, remains essential for optimal outcomes.^7-9 En bloc resection provides superior local control but is often limited by spinal anatomy⁶. The cases demonstrate the contrasting clinical courses: one long-term survivor and one typical aggressive outcome.
Conclusion: Early diagnosis, multidisciplinary management, and advanced surgical techniques^9,13 offer better prognosis in these aggressive malignancies . Continued innovations may enhance future survival also.